Batteries
| There are several types of batteries used in robotics: 1. A 9 volt battery 2. A 12 volt rechargeable battery 3. A 3 volt button battery In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of many electrochemical Galvanic cells of identical type to store chemical energy and to deliver higher voltage or higher current than with single cells. The battery cells create a voltage difference between the terminals of each cell and hence to its combination in battery. When an external electrical circuit is connected to the battery, then the battery drives electrons through the circuit and electrical work is done. A 9 volt battery: A nine-volt battery, sometimes referred to as a PP3 battery, is shaped as a rounded rectangular prism and has a nominal output of nine volts. Its nominal dimensions are 48 mm × 25 mm × 15 mm. 9v batteries are commonly used in smoke detectors, guitar effect units, pocket radios, and radio-controlled vehicle controllers. They are also utilised as backup power to keep the time in digital clocks and alarm clocks. A 12 volt rechargeable battery A rechargeable battery (also known as a storage battery) is a group of one or more secondary cells. Rechargeable batteries use electrochemical reactions that are electrically reversible. Rechargeable batteries come in many different sizes and use different combinations of chemicals. Commonly used secondary cell ("rechargeable battery") chemistries are lead acid, nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), and lithium ion polymer (Li-ion polymer). Unlike non-rechargeable batteries (primary cells), rechargeable batteries have to be charged before use. The need to charge rechargeable batteries before use deterred potential buyers who needed to use the batteries immediately. However, new low self discharge batteries allow users to purchase rechargeable battery that already hold about 70% of the rated capacity, allowing consumers to use the batteries immediately and recharge later. A 3 volt button battery A watch battery, button cell, silver button cell, or coin cell is a small form-factor battery designed for use in wrist watches, pocket calculators, hearing aids, and similar compact portable electronics products. They are compact and have long life. They are usually a primary single cell with a nominal voltage between 1.5 and 3 volts. Common anode materials are zinc or lithium; common cathode materials are manganese dioxide, silver oxide, carbon monofluoride, cupric oxide or mercuric oxide. The circumferential wall of this type of battery is part of its positive (+) terminal. Common applications are Quartz wristwatches, both digital and analog, Calculators, Some remote controls, especially for keyless entry , Backup power for personal computer real time clocks and BIOS configuration data, Various electronic toys (tamagotchi) and laser pointers. Links to other web sites which deal with batteries: http://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm http://www.batteryuniversity.com/ http://www.energizer.com/learning-center/Pages/how-batteries-work.aspx back to robotics part list |
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